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1.
Planta ; 259(6): 130, 2024 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38647733

RESUMEN

MAIN CONCLUSION: This article discusses the complex network of ion transporters, genes, microRNAs, and transcription factors that regulate crop tolerance to saline-alkaline stress. The framework aids scientists produce stress-tolerant crops for smart agriculture. Salinity and alkalinity are frequently coexisting abiotic limitations that have emerged as archetypal mediators of low yield in many semi-arid and arid regions throughout the world. Saline-alkaline stress, which occurs in an environment with high concentrations of salts and a high pH, negatively impacts plant metabolism to a greater extent than either stress alone. Of late, saline stress has been the focus of the majority of investigations, and saline-alkaline mixed studies are largely lacking. Therefore, a thorough understanding and integration of how plants and crops rewire metabolic pathways to repair damage caused by saline-alkaline stress is of particular interest. This review discusses the multitude of resistance mechanisms that plants develop to cope with saline-alkaline stress, including morphological and physiological adaptations as well as molecular regulation. We examine the role of various ion transporters, transcription factors (TFs), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (miRNAs), or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) activated under saline-alkaline stress in achieving opportunistic modes of growth, development, and survival. The review provides a background for understanding the transport of micronutrients, specifically iron (Fe), in conditions of iron deficiency produced by high pH. Additionally, it discusses the role of calcium in enhancing stress tolerance. The review highlights that to encourage biomolecular architects to reconsider molecular responses as auxiliary for developing tolerant crops and raising crop production, it is essential to (a) close the major gaps in our understanding of saline-alkaline resistance genes, (b) identify and take into account crop-specific responses, and (c) target stress-tolerant genes to specific crops.


Asunto(s)
MicroARNs , Estrés Fisiológico , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Salinidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Álcalis , Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica/genética
2.
Science ; 384(6691): 124-130, 2024 Apr 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38574141

RESUMEN

Cleistogamy is a type of self-pollination that relies on the formation of a stigma-enclosing floral structure. We identify three homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-Zip IV) genes that coordinately promote the formation of interlocking trichomes at the anther margin to unite neighboring anthers, generating a closed anther cone and cleistogamy (flower morphology necessitating strict self-pollination). These HD-Zip IV genes also control style length by regulating the transition from cell division to endoreduplication. The expression of these HD-Zip IV genes and their downstream gene, Style 2.1, was sequentially modified to shape the cleistogamy morphology during tomato evolution and domestication. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of cleistogamy in modern tomato and suggest targets for improving fruit set and preventing pollen contamination in genetically modified crops.


Asunto(s)
Flores , Proteínas de Homeodominio , Leucina Zippers , Proteínas de Plantas , Polinización , Autofecundación , Solanum lycopersicum , Tricomas , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Flores/citología , Flores/genética , Flores/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/citología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/fisiología , Solanum lycopersicum/citología , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiología , Tricomas/citología , Tricomas/fisiología
3.
Mol Ecol ; 33(8): e17324, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506491

RESUMEN

Agriculture is vital for supporting human populations, but its intensification often leads to landscape homogenization and a decline in non-provisioning ecosystem services. Ecological intensification and multifunctional landscapes are suggested as nature-based alternatives to intensive agriculture, using ecological processes like natural pest regulation to maximize food production. Birds are recognized for their role in increasing crop yields by consuming invertebrate pests in several agroecosystems. However, the understanding of how bird species, their traits and agricultural land cover influence the structure of bird-pest interactions remains limited. We sampled bird-pest interactions monthly for 1 year, at four sites within a multifunctional landscape, following a gradient of increasing agricultural land cover. We analysed 2583 droppings of 55 bird species with DNA metabarcoding and detected 225 pest species in 1139 samples of 42 bird species. As expected, bird-pest interactions were highly variable across bird species. Dietary pest richness was lower in the fully agricultural site, while predation frequency remained consistent across the agricultural land cover gradient. Network analysis revealed a reduction in the complexity of bird-pest interactions as agricultural coverage increased. Bird species abundance affected the bird's contribution to the network structure more than any of the bird traits analysed (weight, phenology, invertebrate frequency in diet and foraging strata), with more common birds being more important to network structure. Overall, our results show that increasing agricultural land cover increases the homogenization of bird-pest interactions. This shows the importance of maintaining natural patches within agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation and enhanced biocontrol.


A agricultura é essencial para suportar a população humana, mas a sua intensificação geralmente leva à homogeneização da paisagem e à redução dos serviços do ecossistema que não sejam de provisão. A intensificação ecológica e paisagens multifuncionais são sugeridas como alternativas naturais à agricultura intensiva, utilizando processos ecológicos como a regulação natural de pragas para maximizar a produção de alimentos. As aves são conhecidas pelo seu papel no aumento da produtividade das culturas por consumirem pragas em diversos agroecossistemas. Contudo, o conhecimento de como as espécies de aves, as suas características e a cobertura agrícola influenciam as interações entre aves e pragas são limitados. Nós amostrámos estas interações mensalmente durante um ano, em quatro locais, numa paisagem multifuncional, ao longo um gradiente de aumento da cobertura agrícola. Analisamos 2583 dejetos de 55 espécies de aves com DNA metabarcoding e detetamos 225 espécies praga em 1139 amostras de 42 espécies de aves. Como esperado, as interações entre aves e pragas foram muito distintas entre as várias espécies de aves. A riqueza de pragas na dieta foi menor no local completamente dominado por área agrícola, enquanto a frequência de predação de pragas foi constante ao longo do gradiente de cobertura agrícola. A análise de redes demonstrou uma redução na complexidade das interações entre aves e pragas à medida que a cobertura agrícola aumenta. A abundância das espécies de aves influenciou mais a contribuição das aves para a estrutura da rede do que qualquer uma das características analisadas (peso, fenologia, frequência de invertebrados na dieta e estrato de alimentação), sendo as aves mais comuns as mais importantes na estrutura da rede. De forma geral, os nossos resultados indicam que o aumento da cobertura agrícola aumenta a homogeneização das interações entre aves e pragas. Isto demonstra a importância de preservar áreas naturais em paisagem agrícolas para a conservação de biodiversidade e melhor controlo biológico.


Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Ecosistema , Animales , Agricultura , Aves/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Dieta
4.
Plant Cell Environ ; 47(6): 2109-2126, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409868

RESUMEN

Drought dynamically influences the interactions between plants and pathogens, thereby affecting disease outbreaks. Understanding the intricate mechanistic aspects of the multiscale interactions among plants, pathogens, and the environment-known as the disease triangle-is paramount for enhancing the climate resilience of crop plants. In this review, we systematically compile and comprehensively analyse current knowledge on the influence of drought on the severity of plant diseases. We emphasise that studying these stresses in isolation is not sufficient to predict how plants respond to combined stress from both drought and pathogens. The impact of drought and pathogens on plants is complex and multifaceted, encompassing the activation of antagonistic signalling cascades in response to stress factors. The nature, intensity, and temporality of drought and pathogen stress occurrence significantly influence the outcome of diseases. We delineate the drought-sensitive nodes of plant immunity and highlight the emerging points of crosstalk between drought and defence signalling under combined stress. The limited mechanistic understanding of these interactions is acknowledged as a key research gap in this area. The information synthesised herein will be crucial for crafting strategies for the accurate prediction and mitigation of future crop disease risks, particularly in the context of a changing climate.


Asunto(s)
Sequías , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Estrés Fisiológico , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Productos Agrícolas/microbiología , Inmunidad de la Planta
5.
Funct Plant Biol ; 512024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38347662

RESUMEN

Plant growth and development is adversely affected by environmental constraints, particularly salinity and drought. Climate change has escalated the effect of salinity and drought on crops in varying ways, affecting agriculture and most importantly crop productivity. These stressors influence plants across a wide range of levels, including their morphology and physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Plant responses to salinity and drought stress have been the subject of intense research being explored globally. Considering the importance of the impact that these stresses can have on agriculture in the short term, novel strategies are being sought and adopted in breeding programs. Better understanding of the molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses of agriculturally important plants will ultimately help promote global food security. Moreover, considering the present challenges for agriculture, it is critical to consider how we can effectively transfer the knowledge generated with these approaches in the laboratory to the field, so as to mitigate these adversities. The present collection discusses how drought and salinity exert effects on plants.


Asunto(s)
Sequías , Salinidad , Fitomejoramiento , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Desarrollo de la Planta
6.
Nat Plants ; 10(1): 25-36, 2024 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38172574

RESUMEN

Crops have resource-acquisitive leaf traits, which are usually attributed to the process of domestication. However, early choices of wild plants amenable for domestication may also have played a key role in the evolution of crops' physiological traits. Here we compiled data on 1,034 annual herbs to place the ecophysiological traits of 69 crops' wild progenitors in the context of global botanical variation, and we conducted a common-garden experiment to measure the effects of domestication on crop ecophysiology. Our study found that crops' wild progenitors already had high leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration and soft leaves. After domestication, ecophysiological traits varied little and in idiosyncratic ways. Crops did not surpass the trait boundaries of wild species. Overall, the resource-acquisitive strategy of crops is largely due to the inheritance from their wild progenitors rather than to further breeding improvements. Our study concurs with recent literature highlighting constraints of crop breeding for faster ecophysiological traits.


Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Fitomejoramiento , Humanos , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Fenotipo , Fotosíntesis , Domesticación
7.
Plant J ; 118(3): 626-644, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241088

RESUMEN

Drought is one of the major and growing threats to agriculture productivity and food security. Metabolites are involved in the regulation of plant responses to various environmental stresses, including drought stress. The complex drought tolerance can be ascribed to several simple metabolic traits. These traits could then be used for detecting the genetic architecture of drought tolerance. Plant metabolomes show dynamic differences when drought occurs during different developmental stages or upon different levels of drought stress. Here, we reviewed the major and most recent findings regarding the metabolite-mediated plant drought response. Recent progress in the development of drought-tolerant agents is also discussed. We provide an updated schematic overview of metabolome-driven solutions for increasing crop drought tolerance and thereby addressing an impending agricultural challenge.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Productos Agrícolas , Sequías , Metaboloma , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico
8.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 7939, 2023 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38040709

RESUMEN

Major cereal crops have benefitted from Green Revolution traits such as shorter and more compact plants that permit high-density planting, but soybean has remained relatively overlooked. To balance ideal soybean yield with plant height under dense planting, shortening of internodes without reducing the number of nodes and pods is desired. Here, we characterized a short-internode soybean mutant, reduced internode 1 (rin1). Partial loss of SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA 105 3a (SPA3a) underlies rin1. RIN1 physically interacts with two homologs of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), STF1 and STF2, to promote their degradation. RIN1 regulates gibberellin metabolism to control internode development through a STF1/STF2-GA2ox7 regulatory module. In field trials, rin1 significantly enhances grain yield under high-density planting conditions comparing to its wild type of elite cultivar. rin1 mutants therefore could serve as valuable resources for improving grain yield under high-density cultivation and in soybean-maize intercropping systems.


Asunto(s)
Grano Comestible , Glycine max , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo
9.
Sci Total Environ ; 899: 165626, 2023 Nov 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37481085

RESUMEN

Plant phenotyping is important for plants to cope with environmental changes and ensure plant health. Imaging techniques are perceived as the most critical and reliable tools for studying plant phenotypes. Thermal imaging has opened up new opportunities for nondestructive imaging of plant phenotyping. However, a comprehensive summary of thermal imaging in plant phenotyping is still lacking. Here we discuss the progress and future prospects of thermal imaging for assessing plant growth and stress responses. First, we classify thermal imaging into ground-based and aerial platforms based on their adaptability to different experimental environments (including laboratory, greenhouse, and field). It is convenient to collect phenotypic information of different dimensions. Second, in order to enhance the efficiency of thermal image processing, automatic algorithms based on deep learning are employed instead of traditional manual methods, greatly reducing the time cost of experiments. Considering its ease of implementation, handling and instant response, thermal imaging has been widely used in research on environmental stress, crop yield, and seed vigor. We have found that thermal imaging can detect thermal energy dissipation caused by living organisms (e.g., pests, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes), enabling early disease diagnosis. It also recognizes changes leaf surface temperatures resulting from reduced transpiration rates caused by nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, or freezing. Furthermore, thermal imaging predicts crop yield under different water states and forecasts the viability of dormant seeds after water absorption by monitoring temperature changes in the seeds. This work will assist biologists and agronomists in studying plant phenotypes and serve a guide for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and superior crops.


Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Desarrollo de la Planta , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Fenotipo , Semillas , Agua/fisiología
10.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 1672023 05 31.
Artículo en Holandés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37289863

RESUMEN

Worldwide, 1.9 million species of organisms have been described, a fraction of the estimated 1 to 6 billion species. Biodiversity has decreased by tens of percent, both worldwide and in the Netherlands, as a result of a wide range of human activities. Human health (physical, mental and social) is highly dependent on four categories of ecosystem services: production services (e.g. production of medicines, food), regulatory services (e.g. pollination of important food crops, improvement of living environment quality, regulation of diseases), cultural services (e.g. spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreation, aesthetic enjoyment and habitat services. Health care can play an active role in a variety of ways to minimize health risks as a result of (changes in) biodiversity and enhance the health benefits of biodiversity: increase own knowledge, anticipating risks, reducing own impact, increasing biodiversity and stimulating social debate.


Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Ecosistema , Humanos , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Polinización , Países Bajos
11.
Curr Opin Plant Biol ; 75: 102406, 2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37354735

RESUMEN

Climate change-induced temperature fluctuations impact agricultural productivity through short-term intense heat waves or long-term heat stress. Plants have evolved sophisticated strategies to deal with heat stress. Understanding perception and transduction of heat signals from outside to inside cells is essential to improve plant thermotolerance. In this review, we will focus on translocation of molecules and proteins associated with signal transduction to understand how plant cells decode signals from the environment to trigger a suitable response.


Asunto(s)
Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Termotolerancia , Transducción de Señal , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Cambio Climático , Calor
12.
Science ; 379(6638): eade8416, 2023 03 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36952416

RESUMEN

The use of alkaline salt lands for crop production is hindered by a scarcity of knowledge and breeding efforts for plant alkaline tolerance. Through genome association analysis of sorghum, a naturally high-alkaline-tolerant crop, we detected a major locus, Alkaline Tolerance 1 (AT1), specifically related to alkaline-salinity sensitivity. An at1 allele with a carboxyl-terminal truncation increased sensitivity, whereas knockout of AT1 increased tolerance to alkalinity in sorghum, millet, rice, and maize. AT1 encodes an atypical G protein γ subunit that affects the phosphorylation of aquaporins to modulate the distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These processes appear to protect plants against oxidative stress by alkali. Designing knockouts of AT1 homologs or selecting its natural nonfunctional alleles could improve crop productivity in sodic lands.


Asunto(s)
Álcalis , Productos Agrícolas , Subunidades gamma de la Proteína de Unión al GTP , Proteínas de Plantas , Tolerancia a la Sal , Sorghum , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Oryza/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Fitomejoramiento , Salinidad , Álcalis/análisis , Álcalis/toxicidad , Bicarbonato de Sodio/análisis , Bicarbonato de Sodio/toxicidad , Carbonatos/análisis , Carbonatos/toxicidad , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Sorghum/genética , Sorghum/fisiología , Subunidades gamma de la Proteína de Unión al GTP/genética , Subunidades gamma de la Proteína de Unión al GTP/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiología , Acuaporinas/metabolismo , Producción de Cultivos , Sitios Genéticos , Suelo/química
13.
Science ; 379(6634): eadf2189, 2023 02 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36821655

RESUMEN

We recently demonstrated that accelerating the relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching leads to higher soybean photosynthetic efficiency and yield. In response, Sinclair et al. assert that improved photosynthesis cannot improve crop yields and that there is only one valid experimental design for proving a genetic improvement in yield. We explain here why neither assertion is valid.


Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Glycine max , Fotosíntesis , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiología , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología
14.
Science ; 379(6634): eade8506, 2023 02 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36821665

RESUMEN

De Souza et al. (Research Articles, 19 Aug 2022, adc9831) recently claimed major soybean yield increases resulting from transformation of the nonphotochemical quenching mechanism of photosynthesis. However, there is little basis for the premise that such a transformation would result in yield increase. The field experiment was flawed and does not provide evidence for increases in crop yield.


Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Glycine max , Fotosíntesis , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiología
15.
J Plant Physiol ; 281: 153916, 2023 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36645936

RESUMEN

Saline-alkaline soil affects crop growth and development, thereby suppressing the yields. Human activities and climate changes are putting arable land under the threat of saline-alkalization. To feed a growing global population in limited arable land, it is of great urgence to breed saline-alkaline tolerant crops to cope with food security. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms have already been explored for decades. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying plants responses to saline-alkaline stress have remained largely elusive. Here, we summarize recent advances in plant response to saline-alkaline stress and propose some points deserving of further exploration.


Asunto(s)
Tolerancia a la Sal , Suelo , Humanos , Tolerancia a la Sal/fisiología , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología
16.
New Phytol ; 237(1): 60-77, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36251512

RESUMEN

The rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential ( Y p ) of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component of Y p that has yet to be optimised - that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass ( ε c ) via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production ( ε prod ) and efficiency of ATP use ( ε use ). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential for ε prod to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improve ε use via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high-throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step-change in yield potential of globally important crops.


Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono , Productos Agrícolas , Citocromo P-450 CYP2B1 , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Citocromo P-450 CYP2B1/metabolismo , Fotosíntesis , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa/metabolismo
17.
Plant Cell Environ ; 46(2): 363-378, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36444099

RESUMEN

Photosynthesis is a process that uses solar energy to fix CO2 in the air and converts it into sugar, and ultimately powers almost all life activities on the earth. C3 photosynthesis is the most common form of photosynthesis in crops. Current efforts of increasing crop yields in response to growing global food requirement are mostly focused on improving C3 photosynthesis. In this review, we summarized the strategies of C3 photosynthesis improvement in terms of Rubisco properties and photorespiratory limitation. Potential engineered targets include Rubisco subunits and their catalytic sites, Rubisco assembly chaperones, and Rubisco activase. In addition, we reviewed multiple photorespiratory bypasses built by strategies of synthetic biology to reduce the release of CO2 and ammonia and minimize energy consumption by photorespiration. The potential strategies are suggested to enhance C3 photosynthesis and boost crop production.


Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Bioquímicos , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono , Fotosíntesis/fisiología , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología
18.
Plant Cell Environ ; 46(4): 1143-1156, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36305486

RESUMEN

Improving rice immunity is one of the most effective approaches to reduce yield loss by biotic factors, with the aim of increasing rice production by 2050 amidst limited natural resources. Triggering a fast and strong immune response to pathogens, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) has intrigued scientists to intensively study and utilize the mechanisms for engineering highly resistant plants. The conservation of ETI components and mechanisms across species enables the use of ETI components to generate broad-spectrum resistance in plants. Numerous efforts have been made to introduce new resistance (R) genes, widen the effector recognition spectrum and generate on-demand R genes. Although engineering ETI across plant species is still associated with multiple challenges, previous attempts have provided an enhanced understanding of ETI mechanisms. Here, we provide a survey of recent reports in the engineering of rice R genes. In addition, we suggest a framework for future studies of R gene-effector interactions, including genome-scale investigations in both rice and pathogens, followed by structural studies of R proteins and effectors, and potential strategies to use important ETI components to improve rice immunity.


Asunto(s)
Ingeniería Genética , Oryza , Inmunidad de la Planta , Oryza/genética , Oryza/inmunología , Oryza/microbiología , Oryza/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Transducción de Señal , Ingeniería Genética/métodos , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/inmunología , Productos Agrícolas/microbiología , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología
19.
J Environ Manage ; 324: 116379, 2022 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36202037

RESUMEN

Ground-level ozone (O3) has negative effects on agricultural crops. Maize is an important grain crop in China. The North China Plain (NCP) serves as the major crops' production area of China and experiences severe ozone pollution. Using the ground-level ozone simulated by an atmospheric chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem), we quantified the yield reduction and economic losses of maize during 2015-2018 over NCP based on exposure-response AOT40 (accumulation of hourly O3 concentration exceed 40 ppb) and flux-response POD6 (phytotoxic dose of ozone over 6 nmol m-2 s-1). Results showed that the ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD6 clearly increased from 2015 to 2018 in growing season of maize over NCP. The four-year annual mean ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD6 were 0.055 ppm, 18.02 ppm h, and 5.02 mmol m-2, respectively. At county level, the relative loss of maize yield (MRYL) based on AOT40 and POD6 had clearly spatio-temporal differences in NCP. The average MRYLs of AOT40 and of POD6 from 2015 to 2018 were 10.4% and 21.4%, respectively, and these reductions were associated with 2399 million and 5637 million US dollars, respectively. This study suggests that surface ozone increased the yield losses of maize, and indicates that further reductions in ozone concentrations can enhance the food security in China.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Ozono , Ozono/análisis , Zea mays , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , China
20.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 9520, 2022 06 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35681021

RESUMEN

Drought is a major abiotic stress that harms plant cell physiology and limits the growth and productivity of crops. Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most drought-susceptible crops, is a major food source for humans and an important resource for industrial bioenergy production; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of the drought response is essential for maize improvement. Using isotopic tagging relative quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technology, we detected the proteomic changes in maize leaves under drought stress. Among the 3063 proteins that were identified, the abundance of 214 and 148 proteins increased and decreased, respectively, after three days of drought treatment. These differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were mainly involved in cell redox homeostasis, cell wall organization, photosynthesis, abscisic acid biosynthesis, and stress-response processes. Furthermore, some of the DAP abundances still differed from the control six days after the drought treatment, most of which were molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins, metabolism-related enzymes, hydrolases, and transmembrane signal receptors. The expression level of some DAPs returned to normal when the water supply was restored, but for others it did not. A significant correlation between the protein and transcript levels was observed following an RT-qPCR analysis. Finally, our research provides insights into the overall mechanism of drought-stress tolerance, and important information for breeding of drought-tolerant maize.


Asunto(s)
Sequías , Estrés Fisiológico , Zea mays , Productos Agrícolas/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Fitomejoramiento , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteómica , Plantones/fisiología , Zea mays/fisiología
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